1. Multiple choice quesitons.
(i) Based on the information given below classify each of the situations as ‘suffering from water scarcity’ or ‘not suffering from water scarcity’.
(a) Region with high annual rainfall.
(b) Region having high annual rainfall and large population
(c) Region having high annual rainfall but water is highly polluted.
(d) Region having low rainfall and low population.
Ans:
a. Not suffering from water scarcity
b. Not suffering from water scarcity
c. Suffering from water scarcity
d. Suffering from water scarcity
(ii) Which one of the following statements is not an argument in favour of multipurpose river projects?
(a) Multi-purpose projects bring water to those areas which suffer from water scarcity.
(b) Multi-purpose projects by regulating water flow helps to control floods.
(c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood.
(d) Multi-purpose projects generate electricity for our industries and our homes.
Ans:
(c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood
(iii) Here are some false statements. Identify the mistakes and rewrite them correctly.
(a) Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have helped in proper utilization of water resources.
Ans. Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have resulted in over-exploitation of water resources.
(b) Regulating and damming of rivers does not affect the river’s natural flow and its sediment flow.
Ans. Regulating and damming of rivers affect the river’s natural flow and its sediment flow.
(c) In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were not agitated when higher priority was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.
Ans. In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were agitated when higher priority was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.
(d) Today in Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater water harvesting has gained popularity despite high water availability due to the Rajasthan Canal.
Ans. Today in Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater harvesting has declined in popularity because of high water availability due to the Rajasthan Canal.
2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Explain how water becomes a renewable resource. Ans. Water keeps on circulating in nature through various states of matter; in the form of liquid water, vapour and ice. Due to this, the water which disappears because of evaporation comes back in the form of rains. Thus, water becomes a renewable resource.
(ii) What is water scarcity and what are its main causes?
Ans. Shortage of water for a sustained period is called water scarcity. Growing population, overexploitation and unequal distribution of water among social groups are the main causes of water scarcity.
(iii) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of multi-purpose river projects.
Ans. Advantages of multi-purpose projects:-
(i) Based on the information given below classify each of the situations as ‘suffering from water scarcity’ or ‘not suffering from water scarcity’.
(a) Region with high annual rainfall.
(b) Region having high annual rainfall and large population
(c) Region having high annual rainfall but water is highly polluted.
(d) Region having low rainfall and low population.
Ans:
a. Not suffering from water scarcity
b. Not suffering from water scarcity
c. Suffering from water scarcity
d. Suffering from water scarcity
(ii) Which one of the following statements is not an argument in favour of multipurpose river projects?
(a) Multi-purpose projects bring water to those areas which suffer from water scarcity.
(b) Multi-purpose projects by regulating water flow helps to control floods.
(c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood.
(d) Multi-purpose projects generate electricity for our industries and our homes.
Ans:
(c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood
(iii) Here are some false statements. Identify the mistakes and rewrite them correctly.
(a) Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have helped in proper utilization of water resources.
Ans. Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have resulted in over-exploitation of water resources.
(b) Regulating and damming of rivers does not affect the river’s natural flow and its sediment flow.
Ans. Regulating and damming of rivers affect the river’s natural flow and its sediment flow.
(c) In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were not agitated when higher priority was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.
Ans. In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were agitated when higher priority was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.
(d) Today in Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater water harvesting has gained popularity despite high water availability due to the Rajasthan Canal.
Ans. Today in Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater harvesting has declined in popularity because of high water availability due to the Rajasthan Canal.
2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Explain how water becomes a renewable resource. Ans. Water keeps on circulating in nature through various states of matter; in the form of liquid water, vapour and ice. Due to this, the water which disappears because of evaporation comes back in the form of rains. Thus, water becomes a renewable resource.
(ii) What is water scarcity and what are its main causes?
Ans. Shortage of water for a sustained period is called water scarcity. Growing population, overexploitation and unequal distribution of water among social groups are the main causes of water scarcity.
(iii) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of multi-purpose river projects.
Ans. Advantages of multi-purpose projects:-
They help in flood control.
They help in supplying water to water deficient area.
They help in better supply of drinking water.
They also help in electricity generation.
Disadvantages of multi-purpose projects:- Construction of a large dam results in large scale displacement of people.
It affects the livelihood of the displaced.
Vast area of land is inundated in the catchment area which leads to large scale environmental consequences.
3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Discuss how rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan is carried out.
Ans. In the semi-arid and arid regions of Rajasthan, particularly in Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer, almost all the houses traditionally had underground tanks or tankas for storing drinking water. Rainwater that falls on the sloping roofs of houses is taken through a pipe into an underground tanka which circular holes in the ground built in the main house or in the courtyard. The tanks could be as large as a big room. The first rainwater was usually not collected as this would clean the roofs and the pipes. Thereafter it was then collected. The rainwater can be stored in the tankas till the next rainfall season making it an extremely reliable source of drinking water when all other sources are dried up, particularly in the summers season.
(ii) Describe how modern adaptations of traditional rainwater harvesting methods are being carried out to conserve and store water.
Ans. Fortunately, in many parts of rural and urban India, rooftop rainwater harvesting is being successfully adapted to store and conserve water. In Gendathur, a remote backward village in Mysuru, Karnataka, villagers havve installed, in their household’s rooftop, rainwater harvesting system to meet their water needs. Nearly 200 households have installed this system and the village has earned the rare distinction of being rich in rainwater. Tamil Nadu is the first state in India which has made roof top rainwater harvesting structure compulsory to all the houses across the state. There are legal provisions to punish the defaulters.
They help in supplying water to water deficient area.
They help in better supply of drinking water.
They also help in electricity generation.
Disadvantages of multi-purpose projects:- Construction of a large dam results in large scale displacement of people.
It affects the livelihood of the displaced.
Vast area of land is inundated in the catchment area which leads to large scale environmental consequences.
3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Discuss how rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan is carried out.
Ans. In the semi-arid and arid regions of Rajasthan, particularly in Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer, almost all the houses traditionally had underground tanks or tankas for storing drinking water. Rainwater that falls on the sloping roofs of houses is taken through a pipe into an underground tanka which circular holes in the ground built in the main house or in the courtyard. The tanks could be as large as a big room. The first rainwater was usually not collected as this would clean the roofs and the pipes. Thereafter it was then collected. The rainwater can be stored in the tankas till the next rainfall season making it an extremely reliable source of drinking water when all other sources are dried up, particularly in the summers season.
(ii) Describe how modern adaptations of traditional rainwater harvesting methods are being carried out to conserve and store water.
Ans. Fortunately, in many parts of rural and urban India, rooftop rainwater harvesting is being successfully adapted to store and conserve water. In Gendathur, a remote backward village in Mysuru, Karnataka, villagers havve installed, in their household’s rooftop, rainwater harvesting system to meet their water needs. Nearly 200 households have installed this system and the village has earned the rare distinction of being rich in rainwater. Tamil Nadu is the first state in India which has made roof top rainwater harvesting structure compulsory to all the houses across the state. There are legal provisions to punish the defaulters.
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